{"id":104924,"date":"2019-09-11T16:42:51","date_gmt":"2019-09-11T14:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.artsupp.com\/la-ville-ideale\/"},"modified":"2019-09-11T16:42:51","modified_gmt":"2019-09-11T14:42:51","slug":"la-ville-ideale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.artsupp.com\/fr\/la-ville-ideale\/","title":{"rendered":"La ville id\u00e9ale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Combien d’entre nous, en ouvrant un livre d’histoire sur le chapitre consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la Renaissance<\/strong>, sont tomb\u00e9s sur l’\u0153uvre dont nous allons parler aujourd’hui ? Avec L’homme vitruvien<\/strong> de Leonard<\/strong> de<\/strong> Vinci<\/strong><\/a>, Citt\u00e0 ideale<\/strong><\/a> est par excellence le symbole, sinon m\u00eame l’iconographie, de la Renaissance italienne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"La
Pittore dell\u2019Italia centrale (d\u00e9j\u00e0 attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Luciano Laurana), Citt\u00e0 ideale, 1480-1490<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Citt\u00e0 ideale, utopie de la Renaissance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le th\u00e8me de la citt\u00e0 ideale<\/strong> traverse la Renaissance<\/strong> tout au long de son d\u00e9veloppement. Apr\u00e8s les si\u00e8cles sombres du Moyen \u00c2ge, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par le pouvoir \u00e9crasant de l’\u00c9glise et la conviction absolue que Dieu \u00e9tait tout et l’homme rien, la culture renaissante<\/strong> place l’homme et son agir rationnel au centre de ses int\u00e9r\u00eats. Ainsi, l’homme renaissant<\/strong>, lib\u00e9r\u00e9 des lourdes contraintes du Moyen \u00c2ge, se r\u00e9affirme en tant que artisan de sa propre existence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette nouvelle centralit\u00e9 de l’homme<\/strong> prend \u00e9galement forme dans l’organisation des espaces urbains<\/strong>, repensant la ville sous un angle unitaire et proportionn\u00e9<\/strong>. La citt\u00e0 ideale<\/strong> de la Renaissance, gouvern\u00e9e par les lois absolues de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie<\/strong> et de la proportion<\/strong>, est un v\u00e9ritable hymne \u00e0 l’homme et \u00e0 la centralit\u00e9 de son intellect.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se posant la question d’adapter la ville existante aux nouvelles exigences, dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVe si\u00e8cle, Leon Battista Alberti<\/strong>, architecte, \u00e9crivain, math\u00e9maticien et humaniste, codifie une nouvelle pratique de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme. Partant de l’\u00e9tude de l’antiquit\u00e9 et de la mesure des monuments anciens, le trait\u00e9 d’Alberti pose les bases de nouveaux types de b\u00e2timents modernes. Les peintres, \u00e0 leur tour, s’approprient ces indications et dans leurs tableaux, les sc\u00e9narios renaissants, charg\u00e9s de citations classiques, sont compos\u00e9s dans une harmonie<\/strong> id\u00e9ale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u0153uvre du Palazzo Ducale d’Urbino<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un exemple frappant de cette conception humaniste est l’\u0153uvre Citt\u00e0 ideale<\/strong>,<\/em> conserv\u00e9e \u00e0 la Galleria Nazionale delle Marche<\/a><\/strong> \u00e0 Urbino.<\/a><\/strong>
Le tableau<\/strong> repr\u00e9sente les id\u00e9aux de perfection<\/strong> et d’harmonie<\/strong> de la Renaissance italienne<\/strong>, dans la forme ordonn\u00e9e et sym\u00e9trique d’une ville qui est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e selon les principes scientifiques de la perspective<\/strong> centrale<\/strong>. Au premier plan, de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9, se trouvent deux puits avec des gradins \u00e0 base octogonale, plac\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re parfaitement sym\u00e9trique. Un grand b\u00e2timent religieux \u00e0 plan circulaire domine la sc\u00e8ne. Un baptist\u00e8re ? un mausol\u00e9e ? Qui sait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Citt\u00e0 ideale <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour accentuer la vision perspective<\/strong>, les fa\u00e7ades des palais<\/strong> seigneuriaux renaissants qui d\u00e9limitent la place. \u00c0 la parfaite perspective g\u00e9om\u00e9trique,<\/strong> s’ajoute un choix de couleurs tout aussi raffin\u00e9 : des b\u00e2timents gris-bleus, d’autres de teinte orang\u00e9e. Pour augmenter la sensation de paix \u00e9ternelle et de silence, l\u2019absence absolue de toute figure humaine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En observant attentivement l’\u0153uvre, on per\u00e7oit combien les indications de Leon Battista Alberti<\/strong> en mati\u00e8re d’architecture avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9es par les artistes. Dans son trait\u00e9 De re \u00e6dificatoria<\/em>, Alberti<\/strong> identifie les \u00e9l\u00e9ments stylistiques<\/strong> du r\u00e9pertoire classique \u00e0 reprendre : grands arcs rappelant ceux de triomphe,\u00a0piliers, colonnes, larges coupoles ; tous des \u00e9l\u00e9ments que l’on retrouve dans l’\u0153uvre conserv\u00e9e au Palazzo Ducale d’Urbino.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u0153uvre myst\u00e9rieuse<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un voile de myst\u00e8re<\/strong> enveloppe cette \u0153uvre que nous connaissons tous si bien mais dont, en m\u00eame temps, nous savons si peu. De auteur<\/strong> rest\u00e9 inconnu<\/strong>, on sait seulement qu’elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e entre 1480 et 1490<\/strong> \u00e0 Urbino<\/strong> \u00e0 la cour de Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric de Montefeltro<\/strong> et qu’elle appartenait tr\u00e8s probablement \u00e0 la famille ducale. On dit que \u00c9lisabeth de Montefeltro<\/strong>, fille de Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, aurait pu emporter le tableau avec elle lorsqu’elle est entr\u00e9e au Monast\u00e8re, apr\u00e8s \u00eatre devenue veuve en 1482.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa fonction soul\u00e8ve \u00e9galement des doutes et des conjectures. Certains disent qu’elle \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e comme un dossier en bois d’un meuble, ou m\u00eame comme mod\u00e8le pour une sc\u00e9nographie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citt\u00e0 ideale : les autres versions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Saviez-vous qu’il existe deux autres versions<\/strong> de \u201cVeduta di citt\u00e0 ideale\u201d<\/strong>, dont une conserv\u00e9e au Walters Art Museum de Baltimore<\/strong>, attribu\u00e9e au m\u00eame auteur que le tableau urbain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Veduta di citt\u00e0 ideale<\/strong>, Walters Art Museum de Baltimore<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’autre, diff\u00e9rente des deux autres par son style et ses couleurs, est conserv\u00e9e \u00e0 la Gem\u00e4ldegalerie de Berlin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Version conserv\u00e9e \u00e0 la<\/strong> Gem\u00e4ldegalerie de Berlin<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Avant d’aller l’admirer en personne au Palais Ducal d’Urbino<\/strong>, sur Artsupp<\/strong><\/a>, vous pouvez voir en haute d\u00e9finition tous les d\u00e9tails de l’\u0153uvre Citt\u00e0 ideale<\/a><\/em>.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9couvrez la Citt\u00e0 ideale et toutes les autres \u0153uvres au Palais Ducal d’Urbino<\/strong> ! Cliquez ici !<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
D\u00e9couvrez le Palais Ducal d’Urbino<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Combien d’entre nous, en ouvrant un livre d’histoire sur le chapitre consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la Renaissance, sont tomb\u00e9s sur l’\u0153uvre dont nous allons parler aujourd’hui ? Avec L’homme vitruvien de Leonard de Vinci, Citt\u00e0 ideale est par excellence le symbole, sinon m\u00eame l’iconographie, de la Renaissance italienne. Citt\u00e0 ideale, utopie de la Renaissance Le th\u00e8me de …<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1286],"tags":[2056,3006,3007,1285,2269],"class_list":["post-104924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oeuvre-speciale-fr","tag-galerie-nationale-des-marches-fr","tag-la-ville-ideale-fr","tag-palais-ducal-durbino-fr","tag-renaissance-fr","tag-urbino-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa ville id\u00e9ale - Artsupp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Avec "L'homme de Vitruve" de L\u00e9onard de Vinci, "Citt\u00e0 ideale" est le symbole, sinon l'iconographie, de la Renaissance italienne.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.artsupp.com\/fr\/la-ville-ideale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La ville id\u00e9ale - 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